The set time of 10 seconds Essay Example for Free

The set time of 10 seconds Essay The data will be recorded by measuring the distance travelled by the first oxygen bubble after the set time of 10 seconds. There is a set time of 10 seconds because after this time of activity, the enzyme Catalase begins to degrade and therefore the rate of reaction becomes slower. The table will be set up in the following way: Test Number Concentration / % Distance Travelled / cm   Average 20 Volume must be kept the same of the overall solution otherwise different scaled will be presented i. e. more substrate than usual: the bubble will go further; the result is not reliable and cannot be used. Safety Precautions: H2O2 at 20 volume (100% for this experiment) is a significant irritant, if it contacts the eyes it could cause itching and could lead to eye damage, therefore goggles must be worn during all handlings of H2O2. Care must also be taken with the H2O as it can come out of the end of the glass tube. This could get onto the floor and cause slipperiness, so care must be taken and the end of the tube must be sat on something absorbent. Equipment must also be rinsed thoroughly, as someone could unknowingly pick up a beaker covered with H2O2. Rinsing out excess substrate and enzyme could also increase the validity/reliability of the results. Suggested Data Analysis: The type of graph used will be a scatter graph with axes labelled as follows: Results may be analysed by looking at mean, mode and median to look for trends in the graph, for example, looking to see if as the concentration doubles, the distance travelled does the same. A scatter graph was chosen, as a trend line can be added, which can help identify anomalous results. Modifications: During the first run of the experiment, it was noticed that the Catalase was not running as quickly at 100% (20 volume) as it did in the trial runs (on a previous day). Therefore, running the experiment by measuring the distance travelled in a set time of 10 seconds became unpractical, as the distances travelled in this time were too small. So, a new set time of one minute was added before this limitation presented a problem. Results: Test Number Concentration / % Distance Travelled / cm Average. The results were collected in the order suggested in the plan (100% descending to 20%, then 20% ascending to 100%) to eliminate the affects of room temperature change when an average was taken. As two results were taken for each concentration an average was calculated for the distance travelled, this will be analysed. Data Analysis: From the graphs it is possible to see the trend that, as predicted, as the concentration of substrate increases, the rate of reaction increases. The gradient for the graph of the first run of results is: 0. 189 The gradient for the graph of the second run is: 0. 198 The gradient of the graph showing the average distance is: 0. 192 This shows a close similarity between the results. It was expected that as the concentration double, the rate of reaction would double also. On the graph showing the averaged results, this is approximately true for the double of 20% to 40%, but as show by the exponential trend line, as the concentration increases, the rate of reaction escalates. When 40% is doubled to 80% there is a 257. 14% increase. When the trend line approximation for 50% is double to 100% there is an approximate increase of 271. 20%. This shows that as the concentration of substrate is increased, there is more likeliness that the H2O2 will contact a Catalase enzyme because there are molecules of H2O2 to collide, so they are moving at greater rates, so the rate of reaction escalates with the concentration of substrate. Evaluation: The equipment used had high limitations, which could have affected the results. Firstly, when the mixture is made in the syringe, the reaction begins and water and oxygen are produced immediately, due to the syringe being difficult to attach to the glass tube, oxygen was lost in the process of attaching the syringe. This was unavoidable because the rubber connector had to be tight to prevent further gas loss. Repeats were important here so that excess gas loss could be identified. An anomaly that relates to this limitation is in the 40% concentration test in the second run. It is possible that it may have taken longer here to attach the syringe. Due to uncontrollable gas escape the bubble would have gone less far if it took longer to attach the syringe and further if it took less time. In most cases the values for the first run and the second run do not vary by more than 0. 2 around the average, so there is an uncertainty value on the distance travelled of ? 0. 2cm, as shown by the error bars in the graph to show average. As all measurements were made by the guide on the syringe, there could have been an effect on the concentrations, if the syringe was not marked accurately there would be an inaccuracy in concentrations, therefore there is an uncertainty value of ? 0. 1cm^3. This is shown as a horizontal error bar on the graph to show average. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Comparing Imperial Presidency by Arthur Schlesinger and Presidental Power by Richard Neustadt :: Arthur Schlesinger Imperial Presidency

Comparing Imperial Presidency by Arthur Schlesinger and Presidental Power by Richard Neustadt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his book, The Imperial Presidency, Arthur Schlesinger recounts the rise of the presidency as it grew into the imperial, powerful position that it is today. His writing reflects a belief that the presidency is becoming too powerful and that very few people are making a real effort to stop it. He analyzes the back and forth struggle for power between Congress and the Presidency. Schlesinger breaks up the first half of the book chronologically. He begins by discussing the areas concerning the presidency where the founding fathers agreed and also the areas where they disagreed. He then goes on to analyze the rise of the imperial presidency through war and recovery, with emphasis on the events of the twentieth century. After the war in Vietnam, Schlesinger divides the book based on the specific nature of the events that had an impact on presidential power. He divides it based on domestic policy, foreign policy, and the affairs that go on in secrecy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schlesinger provides an incredible amount of evidence to recount the ups and downs of the imperial presidency. He provides a base for his argument with an in-depth view of what the framers intended and how they set the stage for development over the next two centuries. An issue that Schlesinger focuses on is the presidents ability to make war. The decisions of the founders in this area would have a huge impact on the power contained in the office of the president. The consensus amongst the framers was that the president, as Commander in Chief, had the ability to defend the United States and its interests, but the ability to declare war was vested in the Congress. This decision set the stage for the struggles between the president and congress. He also discussed the debate over the power institutionalized in the presidency. At the time, there were two schools of thought on the subject. Hamilton supported an active president, while Jefferson argued in favor of a passive president. The final draft included a compromise of the two theories. There was also some debate over the power of the president versus the power of congress. Additionally, there was a compromise made over this issue when writing the final draft. The spirit of compromise amongst the founders was what provided a viable and secure base for the future of the presidency.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After his discussion of the founders, Schlesinger shifts to the president's powers of war. He analyzes every war, excluding the Revolution, that the United States has participated in up to and including the war in Vietnam.

Berlin Wall versus “The Wall” Essay

In this novel, the narrator mentions about the Wall that is built across the church which force some people in Gilead getting separate from the others. Margaret Atwood uses the reference of the Berlin wall to describe the wall in this novel. The Berlin wall was built by the Democratic republic to separate Germany into East Berlin and West Berlin. Proves of that will be the similarities of both wall including the barriers that placed around these walls and the consequences of the rebellions who against the public policies and usage of these walls. From the novel, Offred describes the wall as â€Å"the gates have sentries and there are ugly new floodlights mounted on metal posts above it, and barbed wire along the bottom and broken glass set in concrete along the top.† (Page 40). This description matches the security status of the Berlin Wall: guard towers were placed along large concrete walls, many kinds of â€Å"anti-vehicle trenches† and other defences were built around the wall. These two walls had a common purpose which is to prevent people to cross the line between social statuses or to prevent people from massive emigration and defection. Also many people who tried to cross the Berlin Wall ended up dead, because those people are trying to go against the rule made by the Germany Democratic Republicans; the same thing happened in the novel, when people tries to go against the rule which made by the Gilead government, for example, the Guardians who committed the Gender Treachery (Page 53) receives death penalty and their body are hanging onto the wall which reminds everyone about the authority. Therefore, the wall from the handmaid’s tale is referenced from the Berlin wall because both of the walls are the legacy of separation within the nation. The Gilead The name of the formal U.S.A. is Gilead, it is originally comes from the bible. Margaret Atwood uses this name because from the Bible, it describes Gilead as a country that is always in the war, this matches the situation from the novel, the handmaids’ talks about the war all the time: â€Å"â€Å"The war is going well, I hear† she says. â€Å"Praise be,† I reply.† (Page 24).  Furthermore, the country Gilead from the novel was very spiritual, which connect to the bible.

The Lincoln Electric Companys Culture - 1207 Words

Every organization has values and beliefs that define what they do and how they do things in the organization. These values have significant influence on how the employees behaves and the general performance of the organization – it is these set of values and beliefs, rooted deep in the company’s organizational structure that depict the â€Å"dos†, â€Å"don’t† and the â€Å"hows†, of the organization and these unequivocally represents the culture of the organization. This concept became popular in the 1980s when Peters and Waterman in their book: â€Å"In search of Excellence† presented the profound argument that, the success of any organization is inextricable linked to the quality of its culture. (Carpenter, M., Taylor, B., Erdogan, B. 2009 p183). The purpose of this paper is an attempt to analyse the impact diverse cultures played in the success of the Lincoln Electric Company. Lincoln Electric Company’s Culture â€Å"The Lincoln Electric Company is the world’s largest manufacturer of welding machines and electrodes† (Sharplin A., 1989). Since its incipient in the 17th century, the company has survived diverse challenges, and the key towards their success can be vividly linked to various sets of values and beliefs the founders and employees infused into the company’s system of operation - the culture and ethos that governs the workplace’s operational habits of the employees. Evidently, as a result of this, the company is considered as one of the best managed manufacturing companies in theShow MoreRelatedThe Lincoln Electric Companys Culture1123 Words   |  5 Pages In 1989, Arthur Sharplin produced a case study, Sharplin (1989), outlining the organizational structure and culture of the Lincoln Electric Company. This report will be focused on analyzing Sharplin’s case study to discern aspects of the Lincoln Electric Company’s culture. 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