The Great ha-jin Essay Example

The Great ha-jin Essay Ha Jin has composed numerous one of a kind stories that have impacted an enormous number of perusers. One of his increasingly well known stories, The Bridegroom managed the dubious subject of homosexuality and how we, as people, should manage this significant issue. Jins short stories, The Bridegroom were distributed in 2000 (Weich).There are twelve short stories in The Bridegroom and three of them were chosen for The Best American Short Stories (Thomas).In the title story, he expounds on the creators received little girl who gets hitched to an attractive person however he ends up being a gay (Jin). The Bridegroom is a fascinating story since it keeps the peruser thinking about what will occur toward the finish of the story. Claire Messud of The New York Times accepts that this story was an extraordinary pleasure.She additionally accepts that Ha Jin has a great narrating talent.I thought the story was diverse as a result of the social background.I like the way Jin portrayed the story and afterward unexpectedly included a bend. The Bridegroom is an exceptionally irregular story.The story depends on the creators child in-law and his received daughter.The story starts of with Beina (embraced little girl of the creator), who is making some hard memories finding a beau (Jin 91).Then, out of nowhere a person by the name of Huang requests that her wed him (Jin 91).Later in the story, Huang gets captured for the wrongdoing of homosexuality (Jin 95).Huangs dad in law chooses to place him in a psychological emergency clinic with the expectation of restoring him however incidentally, he can never be relieved. Jin depicts Huang as extremely kind and attractive man (92).He likewise calls attention to that Huang was attractive to such an extent that all the young ladies in the creators industrial facility were desirous of Beina when Huang requested that her wed him (Jin 92). He says that Huang is attractive to such an extent that he was shocked when Huang asked his little gi rl, Bein

Essay Writing Tips

Essay Writing TipsWriting a basic essay should be done when you are still in school, but if you plan to start writing more essays after your formal education is finished, there are a few things that you need to consider. This is because the subject matter of essays that you write for the school will stay with you and can be an indicator as to what kind of person you are. When you write a basic essay, you are telling the reader something about you, not your entire life.Most people who begin their writing career with simple and basic essays will find that they like it. It can be challenging to write, but not because it's difficult, it's just that it's important to do in order to succeed in college. As you read the topics that are listed below, you should think about how they relate to your personality. If you need some help, take a look at the samples and see if they seem like something that you would be comfortable writing about.When you are writing a basic essay, you are allowed to r esearch for the topic. This means that you have to get information for the topic that is helpful to you. There are some subjects that are very difficult to research, and it can make it more difficult for you to write an essay about them. Researching for your topic helps to keep you from using too much extraneous information in your essay. It also gives the reader an idea of your level of understanding of the topic.When you are writing a basic essay, you need to make sure that you will have enough information to express your thoughts in the most accurate way possible. This means that you should have enough facts and knowledge to back up your thoughts. If you don't have enough information to support your thoughts, the reader will find that they aren't getting the information that they needed to hear.Some people don't like writing a basic essay because they feel that they are incapable of writing them. In reality, though, it isn't really that difficult. Just because you don't like writ ing doesn't mean that you can't, it simply means that you need to understand the mechanics of it before you get started.When you are writing a basic essay, you will need to choose between writing as a style or as a form. Writing a style is where you express your thoughts using more form, with fewer details. Writing a form is where you express your thoughts with very little form. Both of these styles are valid in terms of essay writing, but it's best to use a style that you enjoy.In general, you want to have a good idea of how you want to end your basic essay. This is usually determined by the topic of the essay, but it can also be determined by how long you intend to write it. You don't want to just wing it on your first draft. It's helpful to know how long you want to spend writing your essay before you begin.The last tip for writing a basic essay that you need to remember is to find a style that you like. This is the easiest way to narrow down the choices that you have. As long as you keep in mind the topic of the essay and how it relates to your personality, you should be able to write a decent essay.

Quantitative Relations Between Transfer Processes

Question: Talk about the quantitative relations between move forms. Answer: 1. What is DPMO a. Imperfections per million open doors is the full type of DPMO. It gauges the exhibition of the procedure. The nature of exceptionally skilled procedure is estimated utilizing this strategy. It gauges the chance of imperfections in per million circumstance. It is an estimation of the quality guaranteeing procedure of activity famously known as six sigma. The table of six-sigma gives the estimation of DPMO. For level of sigma gets six, the tally of DPMO gets 3.4 (Voehl, 2014). b. Six sigma Number of imperfections = 50 out of 2500 DPU = 50/2500 = .02 Here chance of imperfection is 1 in each item and the complete example size is 2500. The imperfection has been included to 50 in that example. The necessary deformity in per million open door is as per the following: DPMO = 20000 From the six sigma table: The 2.5 sigma can be achieved by accomplishing DPMO of 308770 while estimation of DPMO at 158687 gives the 2.5 sigma of the creation (Voehl, 2014). Accordingly, in the current situation, the degree of sigma has achieved by the concerned creation is 2 sigma and only 42000 shy of accomplishing 2.5 sigma. C. Prior to the move of mean, the capacity list of the procedure was 0.75. The Limit of determination was sufficiently high for meeting the plan details. In any case, the adjustment in the mean of the structure procedure bringing down the estimation of the mean may give the plan a higher Cp yet the Cpk can't be acceptable. The low estimation of limit file because of move of mean may lessen the quality fulfillment of the structure for the clients (Wilbanks, 2012). 2. The estimation of limit file on account of pooch nourishment, we have discovered that both the upper and lower level of permissible limit file are same. The worth is unreasonably low for keeping up the nature of the items. The estimation likewise gives that the clients of pooch chow may not be content with this degree of sum furnished with each sack of Dog Chow. References Voehl, F. (2014).Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Handbook. CRC Press (an engraving of Taylor Francis). Wilbanks, A. (2012).Production administration. Delhi: Orange Apple.

Dream Job for a Better World - Free Essay Example

Most people have never heard of the profession called CRNA. This profession is highly unrecognized and the numbers show it. There are only 38,000 practicing CRNAs (this doesn’t include student CRNAs) in the United States which may seem like a lot but compared to say construction workers which are employed by the millions, the number is miniscule. CRNAs are just as important as Anesthesiologists if not more since they do the same job and more of the prep work. Through the study of nursing and anesthesia, the student of medicine can better understand anesthesiology. Most CRNAs have a minimum of a masters degree but you can get a doctoral degree in this field. â€Å"Becoming a certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) can be a rewarding career choice due to personal satisfaction, benefits to society, and relatively generous compensation† (How). CRNAs require several years of schooling and experience prior to becoming certified in their field. AANA provides a possible path to becoming a Nursing Anesthetist. First, earn a BSN degree or something similar, while it is not required for you to earn a BSN to become an RN a BSN can give an edge on the competition when applying to any accredited CRNA program. Triton college has an Associates degree of Nursing program which partners with other Bachelors of Science in Nursing programs. Tritons program is a two-year course that includes clinical time as well as lab and lecture classes. Triton held an ADN seminar to help anyone wanting to go into the program find more information regarding what classes they need to take, how selective the program is, when the programs application exams are, how the scoring for the program works, and some information about the TEAS exam. There are a bunch of classes needed just for general education for getting into the program but the three most important classes are BIS 241, PSY100, and RHT 101. The reason behind these classes being the most important is they add to your admission points. The minimum number of points is 6 while the max is 10. Just because someone meets the minimum doesnt mean they will be accepted into the program. An applicants GPA will earn them points toward their admission but the GPA accounts for the 3 courses listed earlier. For example, the applicant needs AT LEAST a 2.5 to get in. If they earned a â€Å"C† in RHT, a â€Å"C† in PSY, and a â€Å"B† in BIS their total GPA would only be a 2.4 and they would not be qualified to be considered into the program. From a GPA of 2.5-2.9 will earn the applicant 2 points. A GPA from 3.0-3.49 will be given 3 points. The highest amount of points to be earned from a GPA is 4 points meaning those 3 courses earn a GPA of 3.5 or more. The next way to earn points if through the applicants TEAS scores. Applicants can earn 2-4 points through their TEAS scores.â€Å"TEAS, which stands for Test of Essential Academic Skills, is administered through Assessment Technologies Institute (ATI) Nursing Education. The test is a basic aptitude test designed to identify students who would succeed in nursing school and who have the ability to think like a nurse† (Wilson). This test is comprised of 4 tests which are Reading(40 questions), Math (45 questions), Science (30 questions), and English (55 Questions). The minimum is earning a 58.7% on all these tests put together. Anything from 58.7%-77.9% will be given 2 points. Earning a 78%-89.9% will be given 3 points. Having a 90% or higher will be given 4 points towards the admission score. â€Å"The difficulty of the tests allows schools to select students to have the best chances to succeed academically† (Wilson) The other 2 points are awarded for previous college his tory ranging from if the applicant ever earned a â€Å"D† or â€Å"F† to whether they have earned an Associates or Bachelors degree prior. There are additional program requirements like a drug screening criminal background check alcohol breath test, knowing CPR, and making sure all annual flu shots are up to date. After acceptance into the program, the courses and work are very tough on each student and it is suggested that students dont work and only focus on school. Once an ADN is completed the student can transfer to a $-year University to complete their BSN. As mentioned before Triton partners with other colleges for a 4-year degree to make the transition as smooth as possible for students and this also means that most, if not all, credits transfer. One college that Triton works with is Dominican. â€Å"The Bachelor of Science in Nursing at Dominican University is a natural complement to Dominicans strength in the sciences, as the university already boasts a strong reputation for its programs in biology, chemistry, neuroscience, nutrition science, and medical science† (Sramseth). Dominican has many faculty members with years of nursing experience to help students connect their in-classrom learning with real-world settings. Once a degree is earned, become licensed to practice as a nurse which involves usually passing an approved training program and the NCLEX-RN. The exam covers a variety of topics ranging from health assessment to infection control. Licensure and requirements may vary throughout the states so it is important to check prior to registering for an exam. Once you become an RN it is time to earn your stripes. You need experience before applying to an accredited CRNA program. At least 1 full year of work as an ICU, CCU, or ER nurse is to be expected before applying. During this time some nurses choose to earn a specialization as a critical care nurse which can help their chances of getting into a certified registered nurse anesthetist program. â€Å"Eligibility for a critical care registered nurse includes having a valid RN license, passing an exam, and completing at least 1,750 hours of direct critical care within the previous two years† (How). Some programs advise nurses to shadow CRNAs for the experience. According to the AANA, there are 121 accredited CRNA programs and over 1,799 active clinical sites. â€Å"Admission to these programs can be highly competitive†(How). Before applying one should check the admission requirements prior to applying to an accredited CRNA program. The programs take anywhere from 2-3 years of study where you graduate with a minimum of a master’s degree. There are some programs that offer a doctoral degree in this profession. These programs, whether it be for a master or doctorate, include courses from anesthesia pharmacology to anesthesia pathophysiology. â€Å"Additionally, the nurse anesthesia programs include clinical practice in university-based or large community hospitals where students are exposed to a range of procedures requiring anesthesia such as pediatric, plastic, and open-heart surgeries†(How Do I Become a Nurse Anesthetist). The Drexel University offers a Masters Of Nursing in Anesthesia which is an on-campus 28-month, 89- quarter credit full-time program. Drexel University is one of the top programs in the U.S.A. for earning an MSN in Anesthesia making it very difficult to get into. In this program â€Å"students take part in nurse anesthesia clinical practicum under the direct supervision of certified registered nurse anesthetists and/or anesthesiologists to learn how to administer a variety of anesthetics including sedation during monitored anesthesia care, general anesthesia, and regional anesthesia. Additional clinical subspecialty rotations provide anesthesia management experience for the obstetrical, pediatric, cardiac, and neurosurgical patients† (Master). The program is very rigorous with an attrition rate of 12% as of last may. The program offers credits in science, clinical practicum, and nursing and research. Getting an MSN is one way of earning your CRNA degree. Another is earning your DNAP which stands for Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice. By the year 2025, all CRNAs will be required to have completed a doctorate in nurse anesthesia to enter into the field. Virginia Commonwealth University is ranked number one in Nursing-Anesthesia as of 2016. The program offers on and off campus classes for the first two semesters in which the students may continue w1orking as RNs. â€Å"Semesters three and four are a traditional format and employment is strongly discouraged† (College). Semester 4 is when the clinical training really takes place. There are 6 clinical practicum courses in this program stressing any and all relevant science and research in anesthesia practice while engaging in direct patient care. â€Å"Throughout the Clinical Practicum coursework, students will be afforded the opportunity to plan for and administer all types of currently accepted general and regional anest hesia techniques to a variety of patients ranging in medical and surgical acuity. Graduate students will be assigned to various anesthetizing locations with selected affiliate hospitals. At all times while in the clinical environment, students will be directly supervised, instructed, and counseled by CRNA and/or physician anesthesiologist Clinical Instructors† (College). For admission into this program, students must have a Baccalaureate degree in nursing or related science, be licensed as an RN, a minimum score of 3.0 on a 4.0 GPA scale, minimum one-year ICU experience, references, interview, and a completion of the GRE. The GRE stands for Graduate Record Examination. This test is commonly required for admission to any grad school. â€Å"Much like the SAT and ACT, the GRE exam is a broad assessment of your critical thinking, analytical writing, verbal reasoning, and quantitative reasoning skills — all skills developed over the course of many years† (Brian). It is divided into 3 main sections the Analytical Writing section, the Verbal, and the Quantitative. These sections may include unscored and research sections with questions that are being used for future tests. Test takers wont know which are scored and which are not so they must try their hardest on all the questions. After completing an accredited program, nurses must take the National Certification Exam to become a CRNA. This is a computer exam which typically lasts 3 hours and the exam adjusts according to the participators answers to previous questions. After all the hard work, during school and the exam nurses can finally apply for an entry-level position as a CRNA. Some employers seek CRNAs that can work a variety of departments while others look for nurses who specialize in a certain practice. To stay a CRNA you must recertify through the NBCRNA every 2 years. â€Å"The process includes proof of valid RN license, 40 hours of continued education, verification of work in anesthetics during the prior two years, and absence of mental or physical conditions that could interfere with the practice of anesthesia† (How Do I Become a Nurse Anesthetist). Skills that may be useful as a CRNA are good people skills. You must able to explain to a patient and their family what is going on and what will happen. You must be able to focus on more than one thing all at once and not become distracted. Noticing problems and identifying the best way to fix them is a very desirable ability to have as a CRNA. Looking for ways to help people whether that be mentally or physically is a great skill and predisposition to have when practicing as a CRNA. Helping patients to stay calm before a surgery is a great factor in how the surgery goes, a stable mind equals a stable surgery. â€Å"The work begins when a patient is scheduled for a medical procedure. If the patient needs anesthetics, then a CRNA will help. These nurses consult with the patients doctors to find out about the procedure. They also find out the condition of the patient. They review medical records and talk to patients about their medical history. This helps them decide what kind of anesthetic to use and how to administer it† (Welcome). The nurses answer any questions the patients may have prior to the surgery since patients are often nervous about being put under. The CRNAs, when it is time, put the patient to sleep whether that be through injection of gas. During the surgery, the CRNAs job is the check of the patients vitals and keep them safe. Sometimes the anesthetic needs to be changed and the CRNAs also do this job. You need to be highly motivated, highly educated, and extremely detail-oriented — and on top of that you need to be extremely personable, he says. You have anywh ere from 5-15 minutes to get to know your patient such that they are willing to entrust their lives to you† (Taube). Luckily, there will never be a shortage of job opportunities for this profession as it has a bright outlook for future jobs. As of 2014, there are 1,860 CRNAs employed in Illinois. This number is projected to increase to 2,180 by the year 2024. That’s 320 more jobs and a 17.2% increase just in the state of Illinois. Salary expectations are pretty good with the median salary in Illinois being $135,980 or $65.37 an hour. Income, of course, all depends on experience level as well as the employer and geographic location. CRNAs are in demand all over the country and the job opportunities, as I have mentioned, will only increase. The best prospects for this profession will be in rural areas where you can make more than the median salary and sometimes almost $100,000 more. In Montana, CRNAs earn the highest average salary at a very high $243,550. There will never be a shortage for nurses or CRNAs in the medical industry since the industry is always growing and we find out new things about the human body every day. Being a CRNA has been voted as one of the top 5 medical professions and is also in the top 100 best paying jobs out there. The reason for it being one of the 100 best paying jobs and top 5 medical professions is the responsibility that comes with the title as well as if something goes bad during a surgery a CRNA is one of the first people to know. Brian. â€Å"The GRE Test: What You Need to Know.† Petersons, Petersons, 25 June 2018, www.petersons.com/blog/the-gre-test-what-you-need-to-know/. â€Å"College of Health Professions.† Programs | VCU Nurse Anesthesia, nrsa.chp.vcu.edu/programs/dnap-entry-to-practice/. â€Å"Master of Science in Nursing in Nurse Anesthesia.† College of Nursing and Health Professions, drexel.edu/cnhp/academics/graduate/MSN-Nursing-Nurse-Anesthesia/. Sramseth. â€Å"Bachelor of Science in Nursing.† Dominican University Home | Dominican University, 13 Apr. 2017, www.dom.edu/academics/majors-programs/bachelor-science-nursing. Taube, Aaron. â€Å"Heres Why Nurse Anesthetists Earn Over $150,000 A Year.† Business Insider, Business Insider, 15 Sept. 2014, www.businessinsider.com/why-nurse-anesthetists-make-150000-a-year-2014-9. â€Å"Welcome to Career Cruising 2.0.† Career Cruising, 2018, www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/652. Wilso n, Brittney. â€Å"What Is the TEAS Test and How Can I Study for It?† The Nerdy Nurse, 3 Sept. 2018, thenerdynurse.com/what-is-the-teas-test-and-how-can-i-study-for-it/.

Jones V. North Carolina - 794 Words

Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Union Court cases over time have come forth and altered the course of this country and even the world. While this case didn’t really affect the world, Jones v. North Carolina brought forth an important question on prisoner’s rights. Jones v. North Carolina was a court case in 1977 that brought forth the debate if workers in prisons have the right to join a labor union. The details of the court case and thoughts on if the court was justified in their ruling will bring to light of what sort of value as a human being do prisoners have. The details of Jones v. North Carolina bring forth a lot of questions but to get towards those questions, one has to understand what the case was about. The Appellee prisoners’ labor union brought this action under 42 U.S.C. 1983, claiming that first amendment and equal protection rights were violated by regulations created by the North Carolina Department of Corrections that prevented prisoners from soliciting other inmates to join the union and prevented meetings from happening that involved unions and other outside persons (Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 2015). Basically, the cases involved mail going between prisoners and persons outside that could cause problems and create various ethical questions on if prisoners were able to join a labor union. This court case came to the supreme court after a three-judge district court noted that appellants had allowed inmates to join a union,Show MoreRelatedApplication Of The Gps Monitoring Program1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthirty-one to thirty-eight months in prison. 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He was born on a dairy farm, in a little white house (Graham 3). Billy was born into a loving family. His parents were loving, but had different religious views than him (â€Å"Billy Graham† 1). Billy grew up to be a Baptist evenRead More Harriet Tubman : Walk to Freedom Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesher way to the north with two of her brothers. On their journey, her brothers become aware of the dangers and turned back, but Harriet continued on and reached Philadelphia (Tubman). CONCLUSION 1 Harriet, now considered to have reached freedom in the north, found herself lonely without her family. SECOND BODY TOPIC †¢ Although Harriet was now safe and considered free in the north, the vision of her life had not been even slightly reached. †¢ The life Harriet was now living in the north, free but aloneRead MoreViolation of Fundamental Human Rights Essay2084 Words   |  9 Pagesfounded. Racial profiling is irrational, unjust, and unproductive, but one thing it is not is un-American. 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Policy Analysis Goals And Objectives - 1638 Words

Policy Analysis: Goals and Objectives The goals and objectives of the PRWORA was to end the dependence of welfare recipients on government benefits, increase the flexibility of states to administer welfare programs, and to prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of wedlock pregnancies and to encourage the formation of two parent homes, and finally to reduce welfare spending by the billions annually (United States. Congress, House Committee on Ways and Means, 1996). It seems that legislative assumed that all adults who are able to work and will if compelled to do so. Because of this assumption, legislation put a time limit on benefits, and after the time limit is up adults should be working and off public assistance. Services Delivered According to the Illinois Department of Human Services (ILDHS) the types of services TANF offers is cash assistance such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). â€Å"SNAP helps low-income individuals and families buy the food they need for good health† (ILDHS). Most households with low income are eligible for SNAP benefits. Applying for SNAP benefits is relatively easy; Questions such as what is your gross adjusted income, how many children live in the same household as the individual applying for benefits, do you pay for child care, and which utilities do you pay for out of pocket? Once they have these questions answered, they calculate your responses, and that’s how they determine if an individual is eligible for SNAP benefits.Show MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Administration585 Words   |  3 Pagesas any other organization; the five elements are fairly basic. 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This long neglected method is contrasted with the Rational-Comprehensive (Root) method, which has been widely covered in the books (literatures) of planning, policy formulation and decision-making. The author examines and describes how some administrators approach complicated social problems as the root method fails when applied to difficult social problems because people have different views and sometimes theyRead MoreA Consensus On Our Policy Analysis Framework752 Words   |  4 Pagesour class came to a consensus on our policy analysis framework. To understand what we are attempting to accomplish, you need to understand the denotation of policy analysis. Policy analysis is a technique used in public administration so individuals can evaluate and scrutinize policies. Policy analysis is not only limited to policy’s that are already enacted, policy analysis can be u sed to analyze perspective policy’s. There are already a handful of policy analysis frameworks available for use. TheseRead MorePolicy Monitoring vs. Policy Evaluation Comparison712 Words   |  3 PagesPolicy Monitoring vs. Policy Evaluation Comparison Team D: Aaron Sawyer, Paulette Banks, Buck Charley, Greg Bradley CJA/385 Criminal Justice Policy Analysis amp; Program Evaluation May 23, 2016 Professor: Dr. Duane Benton Policy Monitoring vs. Policy Evaluation Comparison Policy Monitoring Monitoring policies allows the gathering of factual information as to the causes and outcomes of criminal justice policies. For policy monitoring to be effective the information gathered must be relevant

Entrepreneurship Theory and Business Ethics MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Theory and Business Ethics. Answer: Introduction The case analysis report has been developed in the Australian retail industry. Precisely, through the analysis of the case study, top-line business organisations and their current business practices have been illustrated in the study. In the context of the business scenario, most of the retail industry players operating in the Australian market are targeting sales growth. Meanwhile, some of leading brands have failed to make the adjustment in their business proceedings. The rest of the retail market players have opted for cost reduction tactics to increase profitability (Amato and Amato, 2011). Primarily, the consumer price index of Australia has impacted the sales growth of the retail businesses. Due to the low rate of inflation, the consumers have expected a low set of product pricing. A diagram has been presented below for better understanding: On the other hand, Australian retail firms have faced significant challenges due to the presence of international marketers such as Aldi and TESCO PLC. The case study also identifies the authority of the largest retailing company such as Woolworths Group, Wesfarmers Limited, and Aldi over the smaller retailers. In the retail sector of the Australian market, competition in the market is significantly tough, to say the least (Kasemsap, 2016). The price-war of the major retailers can be identified as one of the major benefits for the target audience. Precisely, Woolworths Group, Coles Supermarkets, and Aldi Australia can be termed as the leading business giants in the Australian retail industry. Also, HM, Uniqlo, Zara, and other brands have come onto the scene to make the retail sector more competitive. A diagram has been given below to indicate the market share of the retailers in the Australian market: Previously, the traditional method of retailing made the organisations incur a huge amount of cost. On the other hand, the profitability of the retailing firms remained quite low due to the price war in the market. A figure has been given below to present the retailers profit components: In the modern business environment, different strategies have been introduced by the retailers such as internet retailing and outsourcing of production that has successfully altered the cost structure of the retail companies. Also, many of the apparel retailing brands have preferred outsourcing to increase the profit margins. However, the study has described that food retailing businesses are the major market shareholders in the Australian retail sector. In the retail industry, auditing fraud is one of the substantial issues in the management. Hence, the workforce working in the retail sector has feared to file practices against the unethical business practices because of losing their employment. In order to describe the ethical foundation of the retail industry, companies sometimes compromise with the quality of products in the race of lower cost price and higher profitability (Colli and Colpan, 2015). Moreover, the competitive strategies of the retailers operating in the same indus try should be validated under the purchasing point of the buyers. Retail Industry Analysis of Australia Particulars Findings Major Players Woolworths Group, Coles Supermarkets, and Aldi Australia Auditing Practices Audit frauds, unfair labour practices, unfair contract terms with suppliers, and money held up of the suppliers in some cases Accounting practices Volume purchase, Promotional Rebates, cost advantage, negation with the Suppliers Corporate Governance Authorised deals, Supervise and efficient management, corporate social responsibility Ethical Foundation Price-war strategy, Quality compromise at times, power of the big retailers In the contemporary retail industry in Australia, business transparency, the corporate governance structure of many of the retailers, fierce market competition, and a lower rate of inflation can be identified as the leading challenges to the business. For instance, Woolworths Group and Wesfarmers Limited are the major retailing firms controlling the food and grocery market in the target region (Gregg, 2011). Hence, the companies should take the liability to maintain the code of conduct given by the administrative. Alternatively, audit fraud in many retail companies has become another considerable challenge. For instance, companies have not followed the standard procedure in the manufacturing of products and hiring staffs. Critically, such issues in the retail industry must be dealt with absolute priority. Response to the Case Questions The Food and Grocery Code of Conduct has been given to the retail supermarket chains so that the retailers and wholesalers can control the business in an honest way. Herein, the term good faith signifies the transparency in business according to the fundamental demand of the target audience. Precisely, in the business context, companies have immensely looked for cost advantages. Therefore, the directives and code of conduct must be followed so that the quality of items cannot be compromised in offering the food and grocery items (Simshauser and Nelson, 2014). Also, during signing agreements with the suppliers, the standards of payments should be made according to fair pricing. In the context of retail business, the Food and Grocery Code of Conduct is a voluntary code as it mere provides the guidelines and minimum obligations to the retailers and wholesalers dealing with the suppliers and customers. Meanwhile, such code of contracts has prohibited unethical practices toward the suppliers in case of supply agreements and business disruption issues. But, the code of conduct does not protect the right of the suppliers in a legal way (Kasemsap, 2016). In the business relations of suppliers and retailers, if such code of conduct can be turned into law, the power of the suppliers will be enhanced. As a result, the pricing of products will be impacted as well. Hence, the ACCC has not moved to the government to convert the code into law. Based on the strategic theories, pricing and purchasing power can be utilised in a competitive market to draw competitive advantage over the rest of the marketers. For the biggest firms operating in the retail industry, senior management must consider their bargaining power with the suppliers (Cui, 2015). In an active market, suppliers must be provided suitable pricing based on the Food and Grocery Code of Conduct in Australia. Therefore, in such cases, the power of the firms should not be used. Now, in the case of assessing the decision-making power, the relationship with the suppliers and other stakeholders should be validated to get the response. If stakeholders are satisfied, the decision making power has been utilised in an efficient manner (Mithani, 2016). Ethical Issue related to paying the suppliers late Making late payment to the suppliers in order to improve the cash flow of the organisation and transfer the financial risk to the small and medium scale enterprises is a major ethical issue in the current business scenario (Silvestro and Cross, 2010). The late payment to the suppliers is a type of scandal that impacts the lives of the people associated with the operations of the suppliers. Paying late for legitimate or no valid reason is unethical that impacts the creditability of the firm. The late payment to the suppliers is a type of abuse of power and bullying behaviour by a large organisation. Furthermore, the ethical principles that is primary for a contract is trust. Moreover, trust comes from honesty, fairness and mutual benefits (Back, 2013). Precisely, the reputation for trustworthiness provides the firm with sustainable competitive advantage. Hence, paying late to the suppliers will impact the trust of the external stakeholders over the firm. The loss of reputation will im pact the quality of supplies that will further influence the productivity of the retailing business. Hence, it is recommended to pay the suppliers in time to avoid the issues of ethical profit making. It is quite difficult to apply the employment standards of the developed countries in the labour market of the developing nations because of the poor economic infrastructure and high unemployment rate in the emerging economies. For example, the pay structure of the developed nations (i.e. the minimum wage rate) cannot be applied in the developing nations. On the other hand, some of the employment standards can be applied in the developing nations in order to improve the workplace conditions for the workforce (Olive, 2012). For instance, the equal employment opportunities and discrimination standards of the developed countries can be applied in the labour market of the developing nations to improve the employment conditions of the people. It will provide equal opportunities to the employees in terms of compensation and benefits, workplace conditions and rights to employment. On the other hand, some laws and regulations related to international trade can be modified to improve the empl oyment standards in the developing nations. According to the survey made by OxFam Australia, the Australian Consumers are ready pay more for the garments, if the suppliers in the developing countries are paid more. Due to this reason, the company can make use to the Cost Leadership Model to dominate the garments supply market in the developing nations (Paliwal, 2016). For example, if the company increases the payment of the suppliers, the manufacturers in the developing countries will happily deliver their products to the organisation in place of its rivals. Hence, the company will get the best quality products as compared to the rivals and seek competitive advantage in the procurement process (Simshauser and Nelson, 2014). By influencing the supply of the rivals, the retailer in the developed country can offer a higher range of products as compared to the other competitors in the market. Hence, the cost leadership model will help the company to minimise the rivalry by differentiating its products and dominating the supply sid e of the developing markets. Tackling the issue of Auditing Fraud Audit frauds can be identified as one of the substantial issues in the retail industry. During audits, employees have been told to represent the things following the standards to the independent auditors. In fear of losing their jobs, human resources have to accept the proposal of the firms to mislead the auditors. In order to deal with such issue of audit frauds, as an auditor individual audits should be conducted by the supervisors. Also, the outcome of the results should be kept a secret so that the name of the whistleblower will not be made public (Makkawi and Schick, 2013). Based on the auditing principles, the accounting estimates should be verified according to the description of the firms to validate the entry (Gajjar and Adil, 2011). Thus, each of the reporting documentation should be verified by the received information to make sure the issues of auditing frauds can be mitigated. Integrated reporting (IR) has delivered a variety of information in a concise way demonstrating the interdependencies regarding substantial information about business strategy, a model of business, the operating business context of a firm (Morros, 2016). Precisely, integrated reporting has been developed in a holistic style so that additional information relevant to the business can be defined to evaluate the sustainability and performance status of business. By utilising IR, company management can define the performance measures and return on invest towards the human resources (Sharp, 2016). Through the identification of the business model and performance measurement via IR, management can make the adjustment in total reward strategy to motivate the employees. Thus, improve in performance through motivation can create a positive impact on the business. Alternatively, based on the improved financial performance, the management can increase the remuneration, so that employee engagemen t and dedication of workforce will be influenced on a positive note. The concept of an at risk component of compensation is linked to the performance of the firm. Meanwhile, such compensation plan includes a portion of the income of the human resources that will be depended on the overall performance of the company (Stevens, 2016). For instance, company equity has been paid as compensation towards the employees as a portion of remuneration. Precisely, an at risk component of remuneration will be benefited from the management if the shareholders of the company will gain from the business. In the case of a larger company, such an at risk component of remuneration for CEOs and senior executive management is bigger as the substantial portion of the compensation has relied on the same compensation plan (Thomsen, 2014). If the shareholders lose their money in the market, the remuneration portion of the CEOs and senior managers will drop down. Also, for bigger companies, the number of shareholders is greater. Therefore, it is an important component of total remuneration for senior executive management and CEOs in largest firms. Stakeholders of Business In the modern business dynamics, the term stakeholder signifies the person or the groups having an interest in relation to a business (Zhu, Wang and Bart, 2014). Moreover, stakeholders of a company can largely contribute towards the growth of the firm leading by activities suitable for business. In the case of a supermarket company, the major stakeholders are creditors, executive directors, human resources, business owners, suppliers, government, and the serving community involved to the business for resource allocation. The ethical behaviours of a company can dictate the long-term business viability (Heath, 2016). If the organisations do not follow ethical considerations during business environments, the company cannot develop a strong relation with the major stakeholders. Therefore, ethical behavioural practices are mandatory to increase the business scopes. The statement made by the CEO of Wesfarmers in the context of target rebate confirms the business strategy of the firm with the suppliers. Precisely, sustainability of business of a firm relies on long-term aspects rather than short-term growth. Such influencing culture will create a positive impact on the suppliers so that long-term business relationship with the organisation can be developed (Heath, 2016). On the other hand, by developing such type of culture in the business dynamics, the company can manage rebate deals with the suppliers in a more effective way. Also, the unreasonable behaviour towards the suppliers can be diminished by following such culture in business (Vranceanu, 2013). It is the role of the accountant to check the expenses of the firm and confirm that the costs are incurred on a productive purpose to increase the profitability of the organisation. In the case Dick Smith Group, the company makes investment of inventories on the basis of the rebate attached to the stock. Hence, the company is not capable of meeting the current demands of the consumers. Furthermore, the lack of considering the customer demand may lead to excess inventory in the organisation that are of no use (Weetman, 2010). Hence, the unwanted inventories and poor product mix decisions leads to increase in the expenses of the expenses of the firm that directly impacts it cash flow and profitability. On the other hand, the procurement decisions on the basis of rebate leads to decline in the capability of the firm to meet the customers demand that further impacts the reputation of the organisation and its customer loyalty. Hence, the role of the accountant is to inform the management regarding this issue to improve the product mix decisions and inventory of the firm. Importance of non-finance measures and concepts of ethical organisation It is important for the management to consider non-financial measures along with financial measures to develop an ethical organisation. The management theory promotes the idea of using non financial measures in place of financial measures because all aspects of the business cannot be measured through financial data. For example, the satisfaction level of the employees cannot be evaluated through financial measures (Talamo, 2011). On the other hand, the customer satisfaction is also not measureable through financial data. Hence, there is a need of understanding the satisfaction level of the employees and the customers in order to lead the organisation towards an ethical direction (McCrary, 2009). The expectations of the employees and customers must be met by the operations of the firm in order to become an ethical organisation. The CFO plays different roles in an organisation such as making decisions regarding the capital structure, auditing and reporting, risk management, capital expenditures, working capital management, budgeting and others. Hence, the performance of the CFO cannot be effectively measured using the financial data such as Total Shareholder Return. There is a need of a balanced measure for evaluating the performance of the CFO (Williams et al., 2010). For example, both quantitative and qualitative measures must be used for evaluating the performance of the CFO. In the case of a junior accountant, some qualitative measures are used such as how effective the accountant is in auditing the financial information of the firm. In the same way, a balanced measure must be used for evaluating the performance of the CFO (Go and Park, 2012). Conclusion On the basis of the above case study analysis, it can be seen that the retailers in Australia face different challenges in the current market environment that tends them to use unethical measures in order to improve their profitability. It has been said by some philosophers that everything is fare in war. However, the unethical means used by the retailers to seek better profitability may lead them to short run success, but will results in a decline of growth in the long run. In other words, the unethical means to improve profitability does not help the company to seek sustainable growth in the long run. Hence, it is important for the management to identify the ethical means of management accounting in order to improve the current status of the firm and seek growth in the long run. According to the case study, it can be identified that the ethical issues impacts the reputation and sales of the retailers in the Australian market. The accounting management of the firms need to consider the rules and regulations of the government along with the financial data to operate the firms in an ethical manner. On the other hand, the needs of the consumers must be considered while making purchasing decisions in order to improve the product decision mix of the retail businesses. Additionally, the ethical issues related to the late payment of the suppliers must be mitigated in order to improve their trust towards the firm and minimise the financial risk for the small and medium scale enterprises that are directly connected to the growth of the retail organisations. Furthermore, the management must take care of the auditing frauds in order to lead the organisation in an ethical way. The auditors must be influenced to speak the truth and develop trust among the stakeholders. Meanwhile, the non-financial measures must be considered along with the financial measures to evaluate the performance of the workforce and decision making teams. A high satisfaction level of the employees, suppliers and teams must be targeted in order to seek sustainable growth of business in the current business environment of Australia. Conclusively, the trust and loyalty of the stakeholders are the key factors for the growth of business in the long run that can be achieve through ethical profit seeking practices. References Abs.gov.au. (2017).Australian Bureau of Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed May 2017]. Amato, L. and Amato, C. (2011). Retail Philanthropy: Firm Size, Industry, and Business Cycle.Journal of Business Ethics, 107(4), pp.435-448. Back, P. (2013). Paying late: an ethical business issue. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/paying-late-ethical-business-issue [Accessed May 2017]. 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